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Ornithology
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Ornithology of |
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A List of the Birds of North Carolina,
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ISSUED BY
THE NORTH CAROLINA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
RALEIGH, N. C.
BuLLeETIN No. 144
OCTOBER 30, I1897
480
NORTH CAROLINA COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND MECHANIC ARTS,
RALEIGH, N. C.
THE NORTH CAROLINA
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
BOARD OF TRUSTEES.
J. C. L. Harris, President, Raleigh.
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STATION COUNCIL.
ALEX. Q. HoiLapay, LL. D., President of the College.
We cA WEDEDIOR'S AS IVI. 2 noe aeusassepen enact cides scree eaaenee Professor of Chemistry.
RE. OP MPR. IMIS. cdecccseseeuesscae 5: eaeeaene semen Professor of Agriculture.
Witt vay WEA SCID WI CeORg: A Se cae. cmos ntetestona eae see ener Professor of Horticulture.
EXPERIMENT STATION STAFF.
W. A. WITHERS., A. M, Acting Director.
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BIISSEM..S. BERTISONG 5.5... jad een slslssean. aac samen Mclsliaster Stenographer.
The Director’s office is in the main building of the College. ‘Telephone No.
135 C. The street cars pass within one hundred yards of the College building.
The Station is glad to receive any inquiries on agricultural subjects Address
allcommunications to the Agricultural Experiment Station, and not to individuals,
They will be referred to the members of the Station staff most competent to
answer them.
Bq ("74
The accompanying bulletin is the first of its kind issued by this
Experiment Station. It is not, however, the first publication of its
kind, as the author shows in his preface. It is believed, to be the
most complete list of the Birds of the State that has been published.
The list is the result of many hours of labor taken from his regu-
lar work or time of recreation, and is a donation by the author to
the Experiment Station. While the work seems to have been done
with care, yet it is possible that some species have been omitted.
The Experiment Station or the author will be grateful for the men-
tion of any omissions.
It is hoped that this bulletin will cause an additional interest
to be awakened in birds, about which far too little is known.
W. A. WITHERS,
Publication approved : Acting Director.
ALEX. Q. HOLLADAY,
President.
Copyright, 1897,
By the North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station,
PREFACE.
In contemplation of this list I have spared no pains in gathering
material from all available sources, which I have boiled down and
condensed, and aim glad to present it in as contplete form as is pos-
sible at this date.
HISTORICAL.—Catesby’s work, in 1670, was the first to appear on
the birds of this State, but this work included a great deal more
territory than North Carolina, and did not embrace one-half of the
birds now known to occur within our borders. Then followed the
publication of several minor papers, at irregular intervals, devoted
principally to the ornithology of the various sections, when, in 1887,
Prof. G. F. Atkinson, of the University of North Carolina, pub-
lished a list of all the birds then known to him to occur within the
bounds of the State. Incomplete though this list was, it has served
a good purpose—that of a stimulus; and since that time much
work has been done by a few zealous workers. Many new species
have been added, and new and more complete notes taken on nearly
all the species recorded by him; their general distribution and
nesting habits have been more fully studied and carefully observed ;
the result of which is given forth in this list. It is an entirely new
list, so far as the annotations are concerned, in nearly every respect.
GEOGRAPHICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
STATE.—North Carolina is peculiarly situated, geographically, and
divided, physically ; so that it presents a variety of climate, and
consequently a varied bird-life, which is exceedingly interesting.
Midway, as it were, between the North and South, and reaching
from the Atlantic ocean westward five hundred miles to the heights
of the Alleghanies, we are visited by nearly all the migrants of
eastern North America. Physically, it is divided into three dis-
tinct regions, viz., the eastern or tide-water, which can roughly be
said to include all the land east of a line which indicates an alti-
tude of one hundred feet above the sea-level ; the middle or pied-
mont, which is bounded by the above-described line on the east,
and a similar one on the west, indicating the altitude of five hun-
dred feet ; and the western or mountain section, which includes all
the territory west of the piedmont section, embracing all the moun-
tains of the State to the eastern boundary of Tennessee. From the
sea-level in the east the altitude gradually increases till a height of
more than six thousand feet is reached in the west. These varia-
198 N. C. AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION.
tions in climate and physical characteristics give us, in a great de-
gree, our varied bird-life. In the higher mountains ours somewhat
resemble the Canadian avian /aunu, inasmuch as many birds are
found breeding there which usually make a more Northern place
their summer home. In the east the climate is mild and equable,
being tempered by the Gulf Stream, and many birds winter there,
and occasionally that section has stragglers which it would not
were it not for its peculiar situation and environment.
ScopE OF THE WorkK.—Three hundred and three species are
listed, which includes all that are known to occur within the bor-
ders of the State at‘ the present time. Two species are recorded
upon evidence that they once occurred and they may be found
again. An Appendix of twenty-two species is added, of species
which ought to occur, and we may expect to take them if we are
careful.
SouRCcE OF MATERIAL.—During the past ten years I have de-
voted much time to the study of the ornithology of our State, and
the result of all my study and observations is embodied in and con-
stitutes the foundation of this work. To the following gentlemen
I am aiso greatly indebted, for without their assistance this list
could never have been as complete as I am now able to make it:
Mr. H. H. Brimley, Curator State Museum, Raleigh, N. C., for
notes on the ducks and a few water-birds found on our sounds in
winter, and for notes on the specimens received at the Museum.
Mr. C. S. Brimley, Raleigh, N. C., for a list of the birds of the
vicinity of Raleigh, and all the notes he has collected through sev-
eral years collecting and corresponding in various portions of the
State.
Mr. John S. Cairns, a short time before his untimely death, sent
me a complete list of the birds of Buncombe County, which has
been of much service to me. In the death of this ardent lover of
nature we have lost one of our brightest stars, and, I fear, his place
will long remain vacant. His home was in Weaverville, among
the giants of nature.
Mr. Joe H. Armfield, Greensboro, N. C., sent me a list of all the
birds which had come under his observation through several years
collecting, which contained some interesting and valuable notes on
the nidification habits of some of the rarer species.
Mr. T. Gilbert Pearson, Curator Guilford College Museum, Guil-
ford College, N. C., has rendered assistance by sending a list of all
the birds he has identified during his residence in North Carolina.
His former home was in Florida.
Mr. R. P. Smithwick sent mea list of the birds of Bertie County,
with notes on each species, which’ has proven of service.
Mr. C. J. Maynard, Newtonville, Mass., furnished some valuable
notes on a few species of our coast birds, observed by himself in
1876.
PREFACE, 199
Mr. H. Gould Welborne, Lexington, N. C., sent some interesting
notes on the species he has observed in his immediate section.
I have had for reference the following works: “A Preliminary
Catalogue of the Birds of North Carolina, With Notes on Some of
the Species, ” by Prof. G. F. Atkinson, 1887 ; and ‘The Birds and
Reptiles of Fort Macon, N. C.,” by Dr. Elliott Coues, 1874.
ie We Poo MEDELWICK, .M:D:
Aurora, N. C., October 26, 1897.
abe ALL Vin,
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WESTERN SECTION
EASTERN SECTION
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ITH CAROLINA
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PREFACE, 199
Mr. H. Gould Welborne, Lexington, N. C., sent some interesting
notes on the species he has observed in his immediate section.
I have had for reference the following works: “A Preliminary
Catalogue of the Birds of North Carolina, With Notes on Some of
the Species,” by Prof. G. F. Atkinson, 1887; and “The Birds and
Reptiles of Fort Macon, N. C.,” by Dr. Elliott Coues, 1871.
1 AYRE ee SMITHWICK, M. D.
Aurora, N. C., October 20, 1007,
ANNOTATED LIST.
J. W. P. SMITHWICK, M. D., AURORA, N. C.
Family PODICIPIDA, Grebes.
1. HOLBG:LL’S GREBE. Colymbus holbelliz, (Reinh.)
Common on the coast in winter. Has been exhibited in the
meat at the Newbern Fair, and often caught in the fish-nets on the
Neuse river. One record for the middle section, that of Atkinson.
2. HORNED GREBE. Colymdbus auritus. (Ljinn.)
Common winter visitor on the coast and adjacent waters; rare
visitor in the mountains, winters of 1886-87.
3. PIED-BILLED GREBE. Podilymbus pobiceps. (Linn.)
Frequent winter visitor in the east; rare transient in the middle
and western sections.
Family URINATORIDA, Loons.
4. Loon. Uvinator imber. (Guun.)
Common in the east during the winter along the water courses ;
probably a rare winter visitor at Raleigh one taken winter of 1887,
several winter of 1897; transient in the mountains.
5. RED-THROATED Loon. Urinator lumme. (Gunn.)
Common in winter on the waters of the eastern section, often
caught in the fish nets on the Neuse river.
Family ALCIDA. Auks, Murres and Puffins.
6. BRUNNICH’S MuRRE. Ura lomvia. (Ljnn.)
One specimen was procured in Newbern on December 27, 1896,
by T. Gilbert Pearson. This specimen was identified by Prof.
Ridgway, and is now in the Guilford College Museum.
7. RAZOR-BILLED AUK. <Alca torda. (L,nn.)
The head, wing and foot of one of this species were sent to the
Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., for identification,
by Lieut. Foley, U.S. N. It was taken at Lookout Cove, Feb-
truary, 1890. Others were seen.
Family LARIDA. Gulls and Terns.
8. AMERICAN HERRING GULL. Larus argentatus smithsonianus.
(Coues. )
Very abundant resident along the coast in winter, staying from
from September till April.
ORNITHOLOGY OF NORTH CAROLINA, 201
9. RING-BILLED GULL. Larus delawarensts. (Ord.)
Spring and fall migrant along the coast, may be a winter resi-
dent ; accidental in the mountains, a pair taken by Cairns in No-
vember, 1889, near Asheville.
10. LAUGHING GULL. Larus atricilla. (Linn.)
Common on the coast. Given by Prof. Atkinson as breeding,
and consequently a summer resident, but Dr. Coues says he never
observed it breeding at Fort Macon, though they stay away only a
short time during the summer, and that they must breed near by.
II. BONAPARTE’S GuLL. Larus philadelphia. (Ord.)
Extremely abundant migrants on the coast; accidental in the
middle section one taken by S. B. Moore, Franklin County, De-
cember, 1890.
12. ROYAL TERN. Sterna maxima. (Bodd.)
A common summer visitor on the coast, probably breeding, as
Dr. Coues saw young ones still receiving attention from their pa-
rents at Fort Macon. One specimen was received at the State
Museum, February, 1897.
13. CaBot’s TERN. Sterna sandvicensis acuflavida, (Cabot.)
Common migrant on the coast principally, but also a rare winter
visitor.
14. FORSTER’S TERN. Sterna forstert. (Nutt.)
This, like the above species, is a migrant, but also, sparingly a
winter resident.
15. COMMON TERN. Sterna hirundo. (L,nn.)
Common migrant along the southern part of the coast ; summer
visitor along Currituck Sound.
16. Least TERN. Sterna antillarum. (WLess.)
Summer resident on the coast, breeding in great numbers. They
arrive in April and leave in October, nesting during the latter part
of May and early June.
17. SooTY TERN. Sterna fuliginosa. (Gmel.)
Common migrant on the coast.
18. Brack TERN. Mydrochelidon nigra surinamensis. (Gmel.)
Migrant on the coast; seems to be an irregular summer visitor
about Raleigh, being observed there during the summers of 1884,
1888 and 1892.
Family RYNCHOPIDA. Skimmers.
19. BLACK SKIMMER. /tynchofps nigra. (LAinn.)
Common on the northern part of the coast in summer, probably
breeding ; migrants along the southern part of the coast.
N. C. AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION.
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o
bo
Family PROCELLARIDA. Fulmars and Shearwaters.
20. Cory’s SHEARWATER. Pufinus borealis, (Cory.) _
Recorded by Atkinson, being identified by him from a wing of a
shearwater taken at Beaufort.
21. GREATER SHEARWATER. Pufinus major. (Faber.)
Maynard writes ina letter of late date, ‘“‘I have just returned
from a trip to the Bahamas, and on our way up, when off Cape
Hatteras, some fifty miles out, I saw a number of greater shear-
waters. This was July 4, 1897.
22. SOOTY SHEARWATER. Pufinus stricklandi. (Ridgw.)
One specimen was taken by Dr. Coues, May 21, 1870, another
was taken at Beaufort, June 8, 1892, by H. H. Brimley.
Family SULIDA, Gannets.
23. GANNETT. Sula hassana. (Lainn.)
Several were recorded by Dr. Coues at Fort Macon in 1869-70,
being seen during the foul weather.
Family PHALACROCORACIDA. Cormorants.
23. DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANT. Phalacrocorax diluphus.
(Sw. & Rich.)
Very common visitor on the coast in winter ; one specimen taken
near Asheville, November, 1887.
25. FLORIDA CORMORANYT. Phalacrocorax dilophus floridanus.
(Aud.) .
Tolerably common on the coast in summer, except the very
hottest months, probably breeds.
Family PELICANIDA. Pelicans.
26. AMERICAN WHITE PELICAN. JFelecanus arythrorhynchos.
(Gmel. )
One was taken by Brimley at Raleigh in 1884; in May, 1889, a
flock of forty went up the French Broad river, five of which were
taken by Cairns.
27. BROWN PELICAN. Pelecanus fuscus. (Linn.)
An irregular summer visitor on the coast.
Family ANATIDA. Ducks, Geese and Swans.
28. AMERICAN MERGANSER. Jlerganser americanus. (Cass.)
Common winter visitor on the coast; tolerably spring transient
in the mountains.
29. RED-BREASTED MERGANSER. Merganser serrator. (Linn. )
Abundant winter visitor along the water courses of the eastern
section.
ORNITHOLOGY OF NORTH CAROLINA. 208
30. HoopED MERGANSER. Lophodytes cucullatus. (Lainn.)
Winter visitor, common in the eastern section, rare in the mid-
dle; tolerably common spring transient in the west.
31. MALLARD Duck. Azas boschas. (Linn. )
Winter visitor; common in the east, tolerably common in, te
middle section ; not a common transient in the iountains.
32. BLACK Duck. Anas obscura. (Gmel. )
Common in the east, rare in the middle section ; winter visitant.
33. GADWALL. Anas strepera. (Linn.)
Common in the eastern section, rare in the middle; winter visI-
tor.
34. WIDGEON. Avas penelepe. (Linn.)
Maynard says, “It is really a regular visitant every season, es-
pecially in the sounds of North Carolina.” One was taken on the
property of the Currituck Shooting Club, January, 1897.
35. BALDPATE. Anas americana. (Gmel.)
Common winter visitor, confined to the eastern section.
36. GREEN-WINGED TEAL. Anas carolinensis. (Gmel.)
Rare transient in the western and middle sections ; common win-
ter visitor in the east.
7. BLUE-WINGED TEAL. Anas discors. (Linn.)
Tolerably common transient in the western and middle sections ;
common winter visitor in the east.
38. SHOVELLER Duck. Spétula clypeata. (Linn. )
Tolerably common spring transient in the mountains ; common
winter visitor in the east.
39. Pinta, Duck. Dafila acuta, (Linn.)
Common winter visitor on the coast.
40. Woop Duck. Az sponsa. (Linn.)
Tolerably common resident in the eastern and middle sections ;
tare summer visitor in the mountains. Breeds in all sections of
the State.
41. REDHEAD Duck. Aythya americana. (Eyt.)
Rare transient in the mountains; rare winter visitor in the mid-
dle section ; common on the coast.
42. CANVASS-BACK Duck. Aythya vallisneria. (Wils.)
Very common on Currituck Sound, as observed by H. H. Briin-
ley ; Dr. Coues never saw it at Fort Macon.
43. AMERICAN SCAUP DUCK. Aythya marila nearctia. (Stejn. )
Tolerably common transient in the mountains ; rare winter visi-
tor in the middle section; tolerably common in the east as a winter
visitor.
204 N. C. AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION.
44. LESSER Scaup Duck. Ay/thva afints. (Eyt.)
Common on the coast, rare in the central portion, winter visitor ;
rare transient in the mountains.
45. RING-NECK Duck. Aythya collaris. (Donov.)
Rare transient in the mountains; common winter visitor on the
coast. :
46. AMERICAN GOLDEN-EVE. Clangula clangula americana.
(Bonap.)
Common winter visitor on the coast ; rare transient in the moun-
tains.
47. BARROW’'S GOLDEN-EYE. Clangula tslandica. (Gmel.)
One taken by Cairns near Asheville, May 6, 1893; a specimen
in the State Museum is a rare form of C. eslundica, or an interme-
diate between C. *slandicu and C. clangula americana; a specimen
was received at the State Museum which was determined to be C.
islandica, in early part of February, 1897.
48. BUFFLE-HEAD Duck. Charitonnetta albcola: (Linn.)
Winter visitor, coast, common ; middle region, rare; mountains,
rare transient.
49. OLD Sguaw. Harelda hyemalis. (Linn.)
Tolerably common winter visitor on the coast ; accidental in the
mountains, one taken February, 1887.
50. WHITE-WINGED SCOOTER. Otdemia deglanaz. (Bonap.)
Tolerably common on the coast in winter.
51. SURF SCOOTER. Odcdemia perspicllata. (Linn.)
Very common on the coast in winter.
52. Ruppy Duck. Evrismatura jamaicensis, (Wils. )
Common winter visitor on the coast.
53. BLUE Goosk. Chen cerulescens. (Linn.)
Accidental. One live specimen was seen in possession of S. y
Moore, Beaufort, by Atkinson, which was taken on Bogue beach
one mile from Fort Macon.
54. GREATER SNOw Goose. Chen hyperborea nivalis. (Forst.)
Common on Pamlico Sound and northward in winter.
55. AMERICAN WHITE-FRONTED GOOSE. Avnser albifrons gam-
belt... (Harti)
One taken in Buncombe County by Cairns; one taken on Curri-
tuck Sound, January, 1897.
56. Canapa Goose. Branta canadensis. (Linn. )
Tolerably common transient in the mountain and middle sec-
tions ; common winter visitor all through the eastern section.
———
ORNITHOLOGY OF NORTH CAROLINA. 205
57- BRANT. Branta bernicla. (Linn.)
Common winter visitor on the coast.
58. BARNACLE GoosE. Branta leucopsis. (Bechst.)
Dr. Allan, in “‘ Birds of Massachusetts,’’ says, “It has been taken
in North Carolina.”
59. WHISTLING SWAN. Olor columbianus. (Ord.)
Common on the coast and adjacent waters in winter.
Family CICONIIDA. Storks and Ibes.
60. Woop Isis. Zantalus loculator. (LAinn.)
Accidental summer visitor in the middle section, one specimen
taken so far.
Family ARDEIDA. Herons and Bitterns.
61. AMERICAN BITTERN. Lotaurus lentiginosus. (Montag.)
Tolerably common transient in the mountain and middle sec-
tions ; resident in the eastern section.
62. LEAST BITTERN. Ardetta exilis. (Gmel.)
Only two specimens reported from the mountain section; rare
summer visitor in the middle section, breeding ; tolerably common
summer visitor in the east.
63. GREAT BLUE HERON. Ardea herodias. (1Ann.)
Resident in all portions, perhaps rarer to the west. Breeds
throughout its range.
64. AMERICAN EGRET. Ardea egretta. (Gmel.)
Summer visitor; rare in the middle section ; tolerably common
in the east.
65. SNOWY HERON. Ardea candidissima. (Gmel.)
One specimen taken by Cairns in the mountains; tolerably com-
mon summer resident in the eastern section.
66. LITTLE BLUE HERON. Ardea cerulea. (Linn.)
Tolerably common summer resident in all portions, breeding.
67. GREEN HERON. Ardea virescens. (Linn.)
Common summer visitor, breeding throughout the State. Com-
monly called ‘‘Scouk,” ‘“‘Schytepoke,” etc.
68. BLACK-CROWNED NIGHT HERON. JVyclicorax nycticorax ne-
vius. (Bodd.)
Probably a summer resident in the east, one immature bird taken
and another seen at Shackleford Banks, Carteret County, by H. H.
Brimley; specimens from Buncombe County are in the State
Museum,
206 N. C. AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION.
69. YELLOW-CROWNED NicHt Heron. Vyeticorax violaceus.
_(Linn.) :
Atkinson reported one from Beaufort in 1887; one was exhib-
ited in the meat at the Newbern Fair, 1892; an immature female
taken at Raleigh on June 25, 1884, and a male July 15, same year.
Family RALLIDA. Rails, Gallinules and Coots.
70. KinG Ratt, Aallus elegans. (Aud.)
Summer visitor in all portions ; common in the east, rarer to the
west. Occasionally seen in eastern and middle sections during the
winter season. Breeds, probably, throughout its range. Eggs
taken from the middle section are in my collection.
71. CLAPPER Ratt. /tallus crepitans. (Gmel.)
Common resident in the marshes of the eastern section, breeding
abundantly.
72. VIRGINIA RAIL. Rallus virginianus. (Linn. )
Reported as a rare transient visitor in the middle section ; speci-
mens seen April, 1889, and March, 1891 ; common transient in the
east.
73. SorA. Porzana carolina, (lAnn.)
Tolerably common transient in the mountains; one specimen
seen near Raleigh by H. H. Brimley December, 1890.
74. YELLOW RaIL. Porzana noveboracensis. (Gmel.)
Rare transient in the mountains ; one captured alive near Raleigh
by Brimley September, 1882; one observed by Dr. Coues April 12,
1871, at Fort Macon; two specimens at the Newbern Fair, 1892.
75. BLACK RaIL. Porzana jamaicensis. (Gmel.)
Rare summer visitor in the middle and western sections, breed-
ing. Eggs have been taken near Asheville, Statesville and Raleigh.
76. PURPLE GALLINULE. /onornis martinica. (Ljnn.)
Accidental summer visitor in the middle section.
77. FLORIDA GALLINULE. /onornis galeaia. (Lcht.)
Rare spring transient in the mountains; one specimen taken by
Brimley in Newbern in 1885, one by Brewster near Asheville in
1885, one by myself in Bertie County in 1890, and one in Orange
County in 1892.
78. AMERICAN Coot. /lica americana. (Gmel.
Rare transient in the mountains; several taken by Brimley in
the middle section; common on the coast.
Family PHALAROPODIDA. Phalaropes.
79. NORTHERN PHALAROPE. Phalaropus lobatus. (Ljnn.)
‘Where they go for safety when those gales for which the region
ORNITHOLOGY OF NORTH CAROLINA. 207
about Cape Hatteras is famous, sweep over the ocean, I know not.”
(Vide “ Birds of Eastern North America,” Maynard).
Family RECURVIROSTRIDA. Avocets and Stilts.
80. AMERICAN AVOCET. Recurvirostra americana. (Gmel.)
Dr. Coues identified this species on the 12th of September, 1870,
when a flock of six was seen at Fort Macon.
Family SCOLOPACIDA. Snipes, Sandpipers, etc.
Sr. AMERICAN Woopcock. Ph2lohela minor. (Gmel.)
Tolerably common resident in all portions, breeding. I have
taken badly-incubated eggs on the 1st of March.
82. WILSON’S SNIPE. Gallinago delicator. (Ord.)
Common winter resident in the eastern and middle sections ;
spring transient in the mountains.
83. DowircHER. Macrorampus griseus. (Gmel.)
Abundant migrant and perhaps a casual winter resident on the
coast ; rare summer visitor in the middle section.
84. LONG-BILLED DOWITCHER. JJacrorampus scolopaceus. (Say.)
Recorded by Prof. Atkinson, who identified it from one speci-
men seen at Beaufort.
85. Knor. TZringa canutus. (Linn.)
Two specimens were received at the State Museum from Car-
teret County, by the Curator, May 21, 1897.
86. PECTORAL SANDPIPER. 7Zyinga maculata. (Veill.)
Transient visitor; common on the coast, rare in the middle sec-
tion.
87. WHITE-RUMPED SANDPIPER. TZyringa fuscicollis. (Veill.)
Common on the coast during the migrations.
88. LEAST SANDPIPER. TZvinga minutilla. (Veill.)
Rare transient in the mountain and middle sections; very com-
mon on the coast, both spring and fall.
89. RED-BACKED SANDPIPER. /7inga alpina pacifica. (Coues.)
Abundant migrant on the coast, a few, probably, remaining all
the winter.
go. SEMIPALMATED SANDPIPER. Lreunetes pusillus. (LAnn.)
Very abundant on the coast during the migrations.
91. SANDERLING. Caldris arenaria. (Linn.)
Abundant winter resident on the coast.
92. MARBLED Gopwitr. Limosa fedoa. (Linn.)
Common during the migrations along the coast, and probably
208 N. C. AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION.
summers along the northern part; Maynard reports it common at
Beaufort and southward, November £7, Lazo:
93. GREATER YELLOW-LEGS. Totanus melanoleucus, (Gmel. )
Common migrant on the coast; tolerably common transient in
the middle pection rare in the feouieines
94. YELLOW-LEGS. Totanus flavipes. (Gmel. )
Transient ; rare in the mountains, tolerably common in the mid’
dle and ein sections.
95. SOLITARY SANDPIPER. Totanus solitarius. (Wils. )
Transient visitor in all portions; rare in mountains; not abun-
dant in the middle and eastern sections.
96. WILLET. Symphemia semipalmata. (Gmel.)
Resident on the coast, not so abundant during the colder months,
breeds.
97. RuFF. Pavoncella pugnax. (Linn.)
Accidental in the middle section. One female taken at Raleigh
on May 6, 1892, by H. H. Brimley.
98. BARTRAMIAN SANDPIPER. Bartramia longicauda. (Bechst.)
Tolerably common transient in the middle Beenioa:
99. SPOTTED SANDPIPER. Actitis macularta. (LAnn.)
Common migrant and summer resident on the coast, breeding
cominon See ent in the middle section; a few summer on te
Neuse river; rare summer visitor in the Pmt, but a common
migrant. |
100. LONG-BILLED CURLEW. Vumenius longirostris. (Wils.)
Common resident on the coast, more common during the migra-
tions. In all probability it breeds, but no eggs have been taken so
far.
101. HUDSONIAN CURLEW. MVumenius hudsonicus. (Lath.)
Two specimens were received at the State Museum from Craven
County, spring of 1897.
Family CHARADRIHDA. Plovers. .
102. BLACK-BELLIED PLOVER. Sguatarol squatarolga. (1,nn.)
Abundant during the migrations, especially in October; re-
ported by Maynard as common at Southport in December, 1876.
103. AMERICAN GOLDEN PLOVER. Sgua/arola dominicus. (Mull.)
Rare transient in middle and mountain sections.
104. KILLDEER PLOVER. 4&gualitis vocifera. (Linn.)
Common winter visitor in the east, arriving early in fall and re-
maining late in spring ; tolerably common resident in'the middle
section: rare summer leon in the mountains. Breeds wherever
it spends the summer.
ORNITHOLOGY OF NORTH CAROLINA. 209
105. SEMIPALMATED PLOVER. “gvalitis semipalmata. (Bonap.)
Transient visitor; common on the coast, rare in the middle sec-
tion.
106. PIPING PLOVER. -#g7alitis melodia. (Ord.)
Common migrant on the coast.
107. WILSON’S PLOVER. “g7alitis wilsonta. (Ord.)
Summer resident on the coast, breeding abundantly.
Family APHRIZIDA. Surf Birds and Turnstones.
108. TURNSTONE. Arenaria interpres. (Linn.)
Very common on the coast during the migrations, and some may
winter along the southern part.
Family HAEMATROPODIDA. Oyster-Catchers.
109. AMERICAN OvySTER-CATCHER. /Slematopus palliatus.
(Temm.)
Observed by Maynard in November, 1876, at Southport, where
they were evidently established for the winter. Several were ex-
hibited at the Newbern Fair in 1892 in the meat, said to have been
taken in the vicinity.
Family TETRAONIDA. Grouse, Partridges, etc.
110. BoB-WHITE. Colnus virgininnus. (LAnn.)
Common resident ‘in all portions of the State, breeding abun-
dantly throughout its range.
111. RUFFED Grouse. Bonasa umbellus. (LAann.)
This species is common on the higher mountains, where it breeds,
not so common in the valleys as formerly. Confined entirely to
the mountain section.
Family PHASIANIDA. Pheasants, etc.
112. WILD TuRKEY. Meleagris gallopavo. (LAnn.)
Resident in all portions; common in the east, rarer westward.
Breeds throughout its range. Eggs in my collection average larger
than those of the domestic turkey.
Family COLUMBIDA. Pigeons.
113. PASSENGER PIGEON. Ectopistes migratortus. (LAjnn.)
Accidental in the middle section; very rare transient in the
mountains, passing above 1,000 feet.
114. MOURNING DovE. Zenatdurd macroura. (Linn.)
Common resident throughout the State, breeding.
T15. GROUND Dove. Columbigallina passerina terrestris. (Chap.)
Accidental summer visitor in the mountains, two specimens seen
210 N. C. AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION.
and identified by Cairns. H. Gould Welborne says it is a rare sum-
mer resident in Davidson County, breeding. An egg in my collec-
tion taken by him must be of this species, as it conforms with other
specimens of this species in my collection, in every particular.
This is the most northern record of this species breeding.
Family CATHARTIDAL. American Vultures.
116. TURKEY VULTURE. Cathartes aura. (Linn).
Common resident, generally distributed. Breeds in all sections.
Usually known by the name “ North Carolina Buzzard.”
117.) BECK VULTURE, | Cathazsta aixaia, i\(Battt):
Common resident in the eastern and middle sections; not very
common in the mountains; breeds. This is the ‘South Carolina
Buzzard.”
Family FALCONIDA. Vultures, Falcons, Hawks. Eagles, etc.
118. SWALLOW-TAILED KitE. Flanotdes forficatus. (LAnn).
A few seen every fall in the higher mountains. One specimen
from Craven County in State Museum.
11g. MARSH HAWK. Crrcus hudsonius. (1jnn).
Common resident in the east, probably breeding ; tolerably com-
mon winter visitor in the middle section; not a common autumn
transient in the mountains.
120. SHARP-SHINNED HAWK. Acc/fiter velox. (Wils).
Tolerably common, generally distributed resident throughout the
State. Cairns has observed it in Buncombe County.
121. COOPER’S HAWK. Accipiter coopert. (Bonap.)
Common resident in all portions, breeding. Eggs are in my
collection taken by Cairns in Buncombe County, and by myself in
Beaufort County.
122. RED-TAILED Hawk. Buteo borealis. (Gmel.)
Rather rare resident throughout the State. Breeds. I took a
set of two eggs in 1890, nest was placed in top of a swamp pine one
hundred and twenty-seven feet high.
123. RED-SHOULDERED Hawk. Buteo lineatus. (Gmel.)
_ Common resident in all parts of the State. Breeds. Eggs are
in my collection from Wake County.
124. SWAINSON’S Hawk. Buteo swainsoni. (Bonap.)
Accidental in the mountain region.
125. BROAD-WINGED Hawk. Auteo latissimus. (Wils.)
_ Rare summer visitor in the middle and mountain sections, breed-
ing in both places,
ORNITHOLOGY OF NORTH CAROLINA, 211
126. AMERICAN’, ROUGH-LEGGED HAwk. Archibuteo lagopus
sancti-johannrs. (Gmel.)
Seen occasionally in winter and spring in the mountainous
sections.
127. GOLDEN EAGLE. Aguila chrysaetos. (Linn.)
Tolerably common in the mountain section for an eagle. Breeds
on the cliffs of the higher mountains.
128. BaLp EacLEe. alleetus leucocephalus. (Linn.)
Common resident in the east ; tolerably common in the moun-
tains ; not reported from the middle section. Breeds in both the
eastern and western sections ; common to the east ; perhaps a dozen
nests are on the banks of the Pamlico river.
129. Duck Hawk. Falco peregrinus anatum. (Bonap.)
Nearly, if not quite, a resident in the mountain section. Breeds
on the higher mountains.
130. PIGEON Hawk. Falco columbarius. (Linn.)
Rather rare transient in the middle and western sections.
131. AMERICAN SPARROW Hawk. Falco sparverius. (Linn.)
Common resident, generally distributed. Breeds throughout the
its range.
132. AMERICAN OSPREY. Pandion halieetus carolinensis. (Gmel.)
Common resident in the east ; rare transient visitor in the middle
section ; rare summer visitor in the mountains. Breeds in both
eastern and western sections.
Famijy STRIGIDA. Barn Owls.
133. AMERICAN BARN OWL. Strix pratincola. (Bonap.)
Reported as occasionally seen by Coues at Fort Macon; one
started from a bunch of live oaks at Southport by Maynard in
in 1876; one taken by James Moore at Newport in 1889; one taken
near New Bern in 1892; one taken by Brimley near Raleigh in
January, 1896.
FamilY BUBONIDA. Horned Owl.
134. AMERICAN LONG-EARED OWL. Asio wilsontanus. (Less.)
Bare winter visitor in the middle and western sections. One
shot near Asheville in 1889, specimens taken near Raleigh in 1891
and 1893.
135. SHORT-EARED OWL. <Aszo accipitrinus. (Pall.)
Rare transient visitor in the middle and mountain sections.
136. BARRED OWL. Syrnzum nebulosum. (Forst.)
Common resident, generally distributed. Breeds. Eggs are in
my collection from Wake County.
212 N. C. RICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION.
137. SAW-WHET OwL. Wyctala acadica. (Gmel.)
A mounted specimen exhibited at the New Bern Fair in 1892 ;
one female taken near Raleigh on December 18, 1894, by Brimley ;
one taken in Wake County December 4, 1897, and carried to the
State Museum.
138. SCREECH OwL. Megascops asio. (LAnn.)
Common resident, generally distributed throughout the State.
Breeds. I have a set of three eggs from the middle section, have
taken young ones on several occasions.
139. GREAT HORNED OWL. 4udbo virginianus. (Gmel.)
Not a very common resident, though generally distributed.
Probably breeds iu all sections; eggs have been taken by Cairns
and Brimley.
140. Snowy Owr. WVyctea nyctea. (LAinn.)
Cairns wrote me that he had seen a ‘“ white owl’’ once, and had
been informed that it was often seen a few miles west of Weaver-
ville during the winter months. A specimen received at State
Museum December 4, 1897, from Pamlico County.
Family PSITTACIDA.
141. CAROLINA PAROQUET. Conrus carolinensis. (Lnn.)
I think this species should hardly be classed among our birds, as
the last record was that of Catesby in 1731, though South Caro-
lina has a record in 1851. ‘This species is now confined to Flor-
ida, and in all probability will never be found any further north,
as it is rapidly becoming extinct.
Family CUCULIDIZ. Cuckoos, Anis, Etc.
142. YELLOW-BILLED CUCKOO. Coccyzus americanus. (Linn)
Common summer visitor in the eastern and middle sections;
irregular summer visitor in the mountains. Breeds throughout its
range.
143. BLACK-BILLED Cuckoo. Cocyzus erythrophthalmus. (Wiils.)
Rather rare summer visitor in all sections. Breeds. Eggs are
in my collection from Bertie County, collected by R. P. Smithwick.
Family ALCEDINIDA. Kingfishers.
144. BELTED KINGFISHER. Ceryle alcyon. (TLjnn.)
Comimon resident in the eastern and middle sections ; a common
migrant in the west; few remaining throughout the summer.
Breeds in all sections.
Family PICIDIA. Woodpeckers.
145. IYORY-BILLED WOODPECKER. Campephilus princtpalis.
(Linn. )
Wilson took a specimen about twelve miles north of Wilming-
ORNITHOLOGY OF NORTH CAROLINA. 213
ton, and carried it into the city ; this bird was slightly wounded in
onc of its wings. ‘This was in the thirties of the present century.
In a paper by Coues and Yarrow on the Natural History of Fort
Macon, published in 1876, they say: ‘Information was received
from an apparently good source of the occurrence of this species,
whose appearance was described with tolerable exactness, but the
statement is given for what it is worth, no specimen having been
seen.’’ May possibly be found in some of the deep swamps of
the south-eastern part of the State at the present time.
146. HAIRY WOODPECKER. Dryobates villosus. (Ljinn.)
Rather rare resident in the western section. A few breed on the
higher mountains.
147. SOUTHERN HAIRY WOODPECKER. Dryobates villosus audo-
boniz. (Swains.)
Generally distributed ; common resident throughout the State.
Breeds ; have taken eggs in Bertie County.
148. SOUTHERN DOWNY WOODPECKER. Dryobates pubescens.
(Linn.)
Common resident in all sections, breeding
149. DOoWwNy WOODPECKER. Dyyobates pubescens medtanus.
(Linn. )
A resident of the higher mountains, probably breeding.
150. RED-COCKADED WOODPECKER. Dyyobates borealis. (Veill.)
Tolerably common resident in the east, more numerous some
seasons than others; one female taken by Brimley at Raleigh,
April 22, 1891. Breeds in the eastern section, several sets have
been taken by R. P. Smithwick, one of which is at present in my
collection.
I51. WELLOW-BELLIED SAPSUCKER. Sphrapicus varius.
(Linn.)
Tolerably common winter visitor in the middle sections; resi-
dent in the western section, breeding on the higher mountains.
152. PILEATED WOODPECKER. Ceophleus pileatus. (Linn.)
Resident in all portions ; common in the east, rarer westward.
Breeds, probably, in all sections ; eggs have been taken by Cairns,
and I have frequently seen nests in the eastern section.
153. RED-HEADED WOODPECKER. Melanerpes erythrocephalus.
(Linn.)
Tolerably common resident in all portions. I have found it
breeding in the east, and Cairns has taken eggs in the west.
154. RED-BELLIED WOODPECKER. JMMelanerpes carolinus. (Linn.)
Irregular resident in all portions ; sometimes common, at others
rare. Breeds on Craggy mountains.
214 N. GC. AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION.
155. -FLICKER.” Colaptes auratus. (Lann.)
“Generally distributed common resident throughout the State.
Breeds in all portions.. Eggs taken in the eastern and middle sec-
tions are in my collection.
~Faniily CAPRIMULGIDA. Goatsuckers.
156. CHucK-WILL’S-WIbow. Axtrostomus carolinensis. (Gmel.)
Common summer visitor in the eastern sections. Breeds. Eggs
have been taken in Bertie, Edgecombe and Wake counties.
157. Wup-Poor-WILL. <Axtrostomus vociferus. (Wils.)
Common summer visitor in all sections, generally distributed.
Breeds.
158. NiGHTHAWK Chordecles virginianus. (Gmel.)
Tolerably common summer visitor throughout the State. Breeds.
Family MICROPODIDA. Swifts.
159. CHIMNEY SwiFt. _ Chelura pelagica. (Linn.)
Common summer visitor, generally distributed and breeding in
all sections.
Family TROCHILIDZ. Hummingbirds.
160 RUBY-THROATED HUMMINGBIRD. TZvrochilus colubres.
(Linn. )
Common summer visitor in all portions of the State, breeding
throughout its range Eggs are in my collections from all sections.
_ Family TYRANNIDA, Tyrant Flycatchers.
161. KINGBIRD. Tyrannus tyrannus, (Lann.)
Summer visitor, common in all portions. Common breeder
throughout its range.
162. CRESTED FLYCATCHER. M/yiarchus crinitus. (Linn.)
Common summer visitor in all portions ; common breeder.
163. Pucese. Sayornis phoebe. . (Lath.)
Common summer visitor in all sections, a few wintering in the
mountains. Eggs have been taken in the middle and western
sections. .
164. OLIVE-SIDED FLYCATCHER. Contopus borealis. (Swains.)
Rare suinmer visitor in the west ; breeding on the Black Moun-
tains.
165. Woopd.PEWEE. Contopus virens. (Linn.)
Common summer visitor throughout the State ; common breeder.
166. YELLOW-BELLIED. FLYCATCHER. HEmpidonax flaviventris.
(Baird.)
Rare transient in the middle section; one taken on August 11,
1890, in the mountains.
ORNITHOLOGY OF NORTH CAROLINA, 215
167. GREEN-CRESTED ELYCATCHER. Ampidonax virescens.
(Gmel.)
Yery common summer visitor in rail sections, breeding abun-
dantly.
168. ALDER FLYCATCHER. Hmpidonax traillii alnorum.
(Brewster. )
One taken by Cairns in the mountains September, 1889; one
taken in Wake County by Brimley, May, 1892.
169. LEAST FLYCATCHER. Ampidonix minimus. ( Baird.)
Rare summer visitor in the mountains. Observed breeding by
Cairns.
Family ALAUDIDA. Larks.
170. HORNED LARK. Otocoris alpestris. (Ljnn.)
Winter visitor ; rare in the middle section, tolerably common in
the mountains.
I71. PRAIRIE-HORNED Lark. Olocor?s alpestris practicola.
(Hench. )
Rare winter visitor in the mountains; tolerably but irregular,
winter visitor in the middle section ; specimens taken at Raleigh,
winters of ’86, ’87, ’93 and ’95 in company with O. a/pestris.
Family CORVIDE. Crows. Jays, Magpies, Etc.
172. BLUE JAY. Cyanocitta cristata. (Lnn.)
Common resident, generally distributed. Breeds in all sectiom ;
eggs are in my collection from the mountains.
173. AMERICAN RAVEN. Corvus corax sinuatus. (Wnegl.)
Cairns reported this species as a tolerably common resident in
the western section, breeding on Craggy Mountains in March.
174. NORTHERN RAVEN. Corvus corax princtpalts. (Ridgw.)
. . . . . L . 5
Rather rare irregular winter visitor in the eastern section.
175. AMERICAN CROW. Corvs Americanus. (Aud.)
Resident, very common in the east, common _ other sections.
Breeds in all portions.
176. FisH Crow. Corvus ossifragus. (Wils.)
Very common resident in the east and along the coast, not so
numerous in the summer. (Breeds.)
Family ICTERIDA. Blackbirds, Orioles. Etc.
177. BOBOLINK. Dolichonyx oryzivorus. (LAnn.)
Common transient visitor in all sections. Some seasons large
flocks appear in the eastern section and destroy much grain. Gen-
erally known by the name of “ Rice Bird.”
216 N. C. AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION.
178. Cowsirp. JAzolothrus ater. (Bodd.)
Common spring transient in the mountains ; common winter
visitor in the middle and western sections.
179. RED-WINGED BLACKBIRD Agela‘us phaniceus. (Linn.)
Common resident in the eastearn and middle sections ; summer
visitor in the mountains. Breeds; eggs are in my collection from
the centrel and eastern sections of the State.
180. MrApow LARK. Sturnella magna. (Linn.)
‘Common winter visitor in the middle and western sections, may
be a rare summer resident in the mountains, said to breed near
Asheville. Resident in the east, though not so common in sum-
mer ; breeding.
180. ORCHARD ORIOLE. Jcterus spurius. (Linn.)
Summer visitor; common in the western and middle sections,
rather rare in the east. Breeds in all sections.
182. BALTIMORE ORIOLE. Jcterus galbula, (Laiun.)
Rare transient in the middle section; common summer visitor
in the mountains, probably breeding. Have never observed it in
the east.
183. Rusty BLACKBIRD. Scolecophagus carolinus. (Mull.)
Tolerably common transient visitor in all sections.
184. PUPRLE GRACKLE. Qudscalus guiscula. (LAinn.)
Transient visitor in the eastern and middle sections ; rather rare
summer visitor in the mountains. Has been observed breeding in
Asheville, and reported breeding in Newbern.
185. BRONZED GRACKLE. Qezscalus guiscula eneus. (Ridgw.)
Five specimens were taken in Buncombe county on August 11,
1890, by Cairns; two specimens were taken at Raleigh by Brim-
ley, November 14, 1893.
186. BOAT-TAILED GRACKLE. Quzscalus major. (Vill.)
Abundant resident in the east, confined mainly to the coast.
Abundant breeder. I took a set of five eggs from an ivey-covered
tree in Plymouth, in April, 1890; several pairs were nesting in the
same tree at that time.
Family FRINGILLIDA. Finches. Sparrows. Etc.
187. PURPLE FINCH. Cartodacus purpureus. (Gmel.)
Common winter visitor in the eastern and middle sections ; com-
mon spring transient in the mountains. Brewster thinks it breeds
near Old Fort.
188. AMERICAN CROSSBILL. Lox/a curvirostra minor. (Brehm.)
Rare transient in the middle section; resident in the west, a few
breed on Black Mountain.
ORNITHOLOGY OF NORTH CAROLINA. 217
189. AMERICAN GOLDFINCH. SP7nus tristis. (Wils.)
Common resident in the western and middle sections ; common
transient in the east. Breeds in middleand western sections, eggs
are in my collection from both places.
190. PINE SISKIN. SPznus pinus. (Wils.)
Winter visitor in middle and western sections ; common on the
Black Mountains in summer, probably breeding.
191. LAPLAND LoncspuR. Calcarius lapponicus. (LAnn.)
Irrecular winter visitor in the middle section ; one was taken at
Raleigh, January 13, 1893, and another seen on the following day ;
four specimens were taken, and another seen at Raleigh, February
20, 1895. ‘They were in company with prairie-horned larks.
192. VESPER SPARROW. Poocetes gramineus. (Gmel.)
Common winter visitor in the eastern and middle sections ; resi-
dent in the mountains. A set of eggs was taken by Joe H. Arm-
field, June 1, 1893, near Greensboro.
193. SAVNNNAH SPARROW. Ammodramus sandwicensis savanna.
(Wils.)
Very common winter visitor throughout the State.
194. GRASSHOPPER SPARROW. <Amsmodramus savannarum pas-
sertnus. (Wils.)
Rare transient east of the central section; tolerably common
summer visitor in the west, breeding. Eggs were taken by Arm-
field, near Greensboro, 1896.
195. HENSLOW’S SPARROW. Ammodramus henslow?ti. Aud.)
Rare transient in middle and western sections; one taken in
Buncombe county by Cairns, April, 1890, one at Raleigh by Brim-
ley, in 1895, and two specimens in April, 1894.
196. LECONTE’S SPARROW. <Ammodramu leconterz. (Aud.)
One specimen taken by Brimley on edge of meadow adjoining
Walnut Creek, In Wake county, April 21, 1894.
197. SHARP-TAILED SPARROW. Ammodramus caudacutus. (Gmel.)
This is a very common bird on the coast among the marshes,
and I think it is resident. Common breeder.
198. SEASIDE SPARROW. <Amsmodramus maritimus. (Wils.)
What was said of the above species can also be said of this. I
took a specimen in a marsh near plymouth, May 15, 1891; a num-
ber was seen on Bogue Beach, by H. H. Brimley, July 6, 1894.
Breeds.
199. LARK SPARROW. Chondestes grammacus, (Say.)
Rare summer visitor at Raleigh. Breeds,
218 N. C, AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION.
200. WHITE.CROWNED SPARROW. Zonotrichia leucophrys (Forst.)
Rare migrant in the west, young male taken October 16, 1889,
in Buncombe county, by Cairns; accidental Raleigh.
201. WHITE-THROATED SPARROW. Zonotrichia albicollis. (Gmel.)
Abundant winter visitor in all sections of the State.
202. CHIPPING SPARROW. S7zella socialis. (Wils.)
Common summer visitor in the mountain and middle sections ;
resident in the east. Breeds throughout the State.
203. CLAY-COLORED SPARROW. SPizella pallida. (Swains.)
Only record is that of Atkinson, one taken at Chapel Hill, March
8, 1886.
204. FIELD SPARROW. Sfizella pucilla. (Wils.)
Common, generally distributed resident throught all sections.
Breeds.
205. ENGLISH SPARROW. Passer domesticus. (Linn.)
Common in town and villages, and rapidly going into the coun-
try. Breeds.
206. SLATE-COLORED JUNCO. ‘Funco hyemalis. (LAun.)
Abundant winter visitor in all sections. ‘‘ Snow Bird.’
207. CAROLINA JUNCO. ‘funco hyemalts carolinensis. (Brewst.)
Common resident on the higher mountains of tlie western sec-
tion, goes down into the valleys during the winter. Breeds.
208. BACHMAN’S SPARROW. FPeucea estivalis bachmanii. (Aud.)
Summer visitor, tolerably common in the west, but rarer to the
eastward ; one seen at the Newbern Fair, February, 1892. Nests
have been found ia Buncombe, Guilford, Orange, and Wake coun-
ties. Found breeding, by Maynard, at Wilmington, June, 1876.
209. SONG SPARROW. Jelospiza fasciata. (Gmel.
Common winter visitor throughout all portions of the State.
210. LINCOLN’S SPARROW, Jelospiza lincoluz. (Aud.)
One male taken by Cairns, May 6, 1893, on the French Broad
River.
211. SWAMP SPARROW. Jelospiza georgiana. (Lath.)
Common wintr visitor In the eastern and middle sections ; com-
mon transient in the mountains.
212. Fox SPARROW. Fasserella tliaca. (Mettr.)
Common winter visitor in all sections.
213. TOWHER. Pifilo erythrophthalmus. (Liun.)
Nearly, if not quite a resident in the east ; winter visitor in the
middle section ; resident in the mountains, Breeds in the west.
ORNITHOLOGY OF NORTH CAROLINA. 219
214. CARDINAL. Cardinalis cardinalis.. (Lann.)
Common resident in all portions, breeding. Known as “Red
Bird.”
215. ROSE-BREASTED GROSBEAK. Lamaladia ludoviciana, (Linn.)
Rare migrant in the middle section; summer visitor on the
higher mountains, breeding on Craggy mountains.
216. BLUE GROSBEAK. (Gutraca cerulea. (Linn.)
Tolerably common summer visitor in the middle section, where
it breeds ; rare summer visiror in the mountains.
217. INDIGO BUNTING. /Passertna cyanea. (Linn.)
Comman summer visitor iu all portions, breeding throughout its
range.
218. PAINTED BUNTING. /asserzna certs. (Linn.)
Tolerably common summer visitor in the southeastern portion
of the State. One taken on Bogue Banks, July 6, 1894, by H. H.
Brimley.
Family TANAGRIDA. Tanagers.
219. SCARLET TANAGER. /Piranga erythromelas. (Veiil.
Common Summer visitor in the mounfains, breeding; rather
rare transient in the middle section.
220. SUMMER TANAGER. /Prranga rubra. (Ljmnn.)
Common summer visitor in all sections, breeding. This is the
‘“witthe Red, Bird”
Family HIRUNDINIDAZ. Swallows.
221. PURPLE MARTIN. Progne suéts. (Linn.)
Tolerably common summer visitor in all portions, breeding in
boxes.
222. CLIFF SWALLOW. /Petrochelidon lunifrons. (Say.)
Tolerably common transient in the middle and mountain sec-
tions.
223. BARN SWALLOW. Chhlidon erythrogaster. (Bodd.)
Transient ; common in the middle section, rare in the moun-
tains ; not observed in the east.
224. WHITE-BELLIED SWALLOW. Tachyctneta bicolor. (Veill.)
Commn Migrant in the middle and eastern portions of the State ;
winters in the southeastern section.
225. BANK SWALLOW. Chvicola riparia. (Linn.)
Rare transient in the middle and mountain sections.
226. ROUGH-WINGED SWALLOW. Stelgidopteryx serripennis.
(Aud.)
Tolerably common summer visitor, generally distributed. Breeds.
nesting in banks of rivers and in ledges on mountain sides,
220 IN. G3 AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION.
Family AMPELIDZA. Waxwings.
227. CEDAR WAXWING. Ampelis cedorum. (Veill.)
Cominon, nearly if not quite resident in the east, resident in the
other sections. Breeds in the middle and western sections.
Family LANIIDA. Shrikes.
228. LOGGERHEAD SHRIKE. Lanzius ludovicianus. (Linn.)
Rare spring transient in the mountains; tolerably common win-
ter visitor in the middle section. Reported breeding at States-
ville.
Family VIREONIDA. Vireos.
229. RED-EYED VIREO. J7reo olivaceus. (LAnn.)
Common sumnier visitor in all sections, breeding throughout its
range.
230. PHILADELPHIA VIREO. V7reo philadelphicus. (Cass.)
Rare transient in the mountains, one taken by Cairns.
231. WARBLING VIREO. V7reo gilvus. (Veill.)
Tolerably common summer visitor in the mountains, breeding
along the streams.
232. YELLOW-THROATED VIREO. Vireo flavifrons. (Veill.)
Tolerably common summer visitor in the middle and mountain
sections.
233. BLUE-HEADED VIREO. V7reo solitarius. (Wils.)
Tolerably common transient in the middle section, and seen occa-
sionally in winter; rather rare summer visitor in the mountains.
234. MOUNTAIN SOLITARY VIREO. Vireo solitarious alticola.
(Brewst.)
Rare summer visitor at Raleigh, nest with four eggs taken April
27, 1891 ; common summer visitor in the mountains, breeding.
235. WHITE-EYED VIREO. Vireo noveborarencis. (Gmel.)
Common summer visitor in all sections, breeding throughout its
range. .
Family MNIOTILTIDZ. Wood Warbiers.
236. BLACK AND WHITE WARBLER. Mnzotita varia. (Linn.)
Common, generally distributed summer resident, breeding in all
sections.
37. PROTHONOTARY WARBLER. /Protonotarza citrea. (Aud.)
Rare summer visitor in the middle section ; common in the east.
Breeds ; I took one set of three eggs from: the top of a beech stump
in Bertie county in spring of 1888, this was the first record for
North Carolina. Have seen young receiving attention from their
parents on many occasions since.
ORNITHOLOGY OF NORTH CAROLINA. 221
238. SWAINSON’S WARBLER. ffelinata swainsonitt. (Aud.)
No record except that of Atkinson: ‘‘One specimen taken by
H. H. Brimley, at Newbern, April 13, 1885.”
239. WORM-EATING WARBLER. flelmitherus vermivorus. (Gmel.)
Not a common summer visitor in any section, though generally
distributed and occurring regularly. Nests with eggs have been
found in Bertie and Buncombe counties.
240. BACHMAN’S WARBLER. ffelminthophila bachman?. (Aud.)
One specimen taken by Brimley near Raleigh, April 27, 1891.
Probably a rare summer visitor.
241. BLUE-WINGED WARBLER. Sfelminthophila piuus. (Linn.)
Rare transient in the middle section ; rare summer visitor in the
mountains, said to be common in the most western counties. Nest
with young ones taken by Cairns, in 1885.
242. BREWSTER’S WARBLER. Sfelminthophiia lencobronchialis.
(Brewst. )
Probably transient in the middle section, one taken by Brimley,
September 8, 1888.
243. GOLDEN-WINGED WARBLER. Sflelminthophila crysoptera.
(Linn. )
Rare transient in the middle section; one taken by Brimley, in
Wake county, August 26, 1886, one May 7, 1889, and one in May,
1891; tolerably common summer visitor in the mountains, breed-
ing in May.
244. NASHVILLE WARBLER. Sfelminthophila rubricapilla.
(Wils.)
Not a common transient in the mountains.
245. ORANGE-CROWNED WARBLER. JSfelminthophila celata.
ays) ; :
One male specimen has been taken in the mountains by Cairns.
246. TENNESSEE WARBLER. /lelmintnophila peregrina. (Wils.)
Rare transient in the middle and western sections.
247. PARULA WARBLER. Comsothlypis americana. (Linn.)
Common summer visitor in all portions, breeding throughout its
range.
248. NORTHERN PARULA WARBLER. Compsothlypis americana
usnee, ( :
Transient in the middle section, reported by Brimley, at Raleigh.
249. CAPE MAY WARBLER. Dendroica tigrina. (Gmel.)
One female taken by Cairns in Buncombe county, and two
specimens taken by Brimley in spring of 1892, near Raleigh.
229 N. C. AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION.
250. YELLOW WARBLER. Dendroica estiva. (Gmel.)
Common resident in the mountain and middle sections, breed-
ing. Common migrant in the east.
251. BLACK-THROATFD BLUE WARBLER. Dendroica cerulescens.
(Gmel.)
Common transient in the eastern and middle sections; summer
visitor in the west, breeding above 4,000 feet. A set of eggs is in
my collection, taken in Buncombe county by Cairns.
252. CAIRNS’ WARBLER. Dendroica cerulescens cairnsi. (—.)
First discovered and described by the late John S. Cairns. Breeds
in the western part of the State.
253. MYRTLE WARBLER. Dendroica coronata. (1,nn.)
Common transient in the east, sometimes appearing in flocks ;
winter visitor in the middle and western sections.
254. MAGNOLIA WARBLER. Dendroica maculosa. (Gmel.)
Rare transient in the middle section; summer visitor in the
mountains, and Cairns says he thinks it must breed, as young ones
are common in July.
255. CHSRULEAN WARBLER. JDendrotea rara. (Wils.)
Rare transient, confined to the middle and mountain sections.
256. CHESTNUT-SIDED WARBLER. Jendroica pensylvanica.
(Linn. )
Tolerably common transisnt in the middle section; common
summer resident in the west, on the higher mountains. Breeds,
nest was found by Cairns in Buncombe county, May 25, 1887.
257. BLACK-POLL WARBLER. Dendroica striata. (Forst.)
Transient ; common in the eastern and middle sections, rather
rare in the mountains.
258. BLACKBURNIAN WARBLER. Dendroica blackburnie. (Gmel.)
Rare transient in the middle section; common resident on the
higher mountains. Breeds.
259. YELLOW-TROATED WARBLER. Dendroica dominica.
(Linn.)
Rather common, generally distributed, summer visitor through-
out the State. Probably breeds in all sections; eggs have been
taken in Wake county.
260. SYCAMORE WARBLER. Dendrozca dominica albilora.
(Linn.)
One female taken in Buncombe county by Cairns, April, 1891.
ORNITHOLOGY OF NORTH CAROLINA. 223
261. BLACK-THROATED GREEN WARBLER. Dendroica virens.
(Gmel.)
Tolerably common transient in all portions of the State except
the higher mountains, where it is a summer resident, and breeds.
262. PINE WARBLER. Dendroica vigorsiz. (Aud.)
Common resident in the eastern and middle sections; common
in the mountain region in summer, not so common in winter.
Breeds commonly in all sections.
263. YELLOW PALM WARBLER. Dendroica palmarum hypochry-
sea. (Ridgw.) ;
Tolerably common transient in all sections.
264. PRAIRIE WARBLER. Dendroica discolor. (Veill.)
Common summer visitor in all portions except, probably, the
higher mountains. Breeds throughout its range.
265. OVEN-BIRD. Securus aurocapillus. .(Linn.)
Common transient and not a rare summer resident in the eastern
section ; migrant in the middle section ; common summer sojourner
in the mountains. Eggs have been taken in the eastern and west-
ern sections.
266. WATER-THRUSH. Sezurus noveboracensis. (Gmel.)
Common transient in the middle and mountain sections.
267. LOUISIANA WATER-THRUSH. Securus montacilla. (Veill.)
Tolerably common summer visitor, and breeds in all sections.
Eggs in my collection are from all sections.
268. KENTUCKY WARBLER. Geothlypis formosa. (WiAls.)
Summer visitor; rare in the middle section, tolerably common
in the mountains. Breeds in both sections.
269. CONNECTICUT WARBLER. (Greothlypis agilis. (Wils.)
Rare fall migrant at Raleigh; one taken October 15, 1884; two
specimens seen in October, 1896.
270. MARYLAND YELLOW-THROAYT. Geothlypis trichas. (LAnn.)
Common summer visitor in the middle and western sections; a
few winter at Raleigh; resident in the east, not so common in win-
ter. Breeds in all sections.
271. YELLOW-BREASTED CHAT. J/cterta virens. (Lajnn.)
Common summer visitor in the middle and mountain sections.
Breeding. Have never observed it in the east.
272. HOODED WARBLER. Sylvania mitrata. (Gmel.)
Summer visitor; rather rare in the middle and mountain sections ;
very common in the east, breeding abundantly. Have found as
many as three nests in an hour’s walk ; eggs are usually four, some-
times three, and rarely two in number.
224 N. C. AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION.
273. WILSON’S WARBLER. ‘Sylvania pusilla. (Wils.)
Rare transient in the middle and mountain sections; specimens
taken in Wake county May 17, 1888, and May 13, 1892.
274. CANADIAN WARBLER. Sylvania canadensis. (Linn.)
Summer visitor in the west; common on the high mountains,
where it breeds. One male taken at Raleigh May 13, 1892.
AMERICAN REDSTART. Sefophaga ruticilla. (Linn.)
5 aaa transient in the east, rately seen in summer ; sumuiner
visitor in the middle and mountain sections, breeding.
Family MONTACILLIDA. Wagtails.
76. AMERICAN PIpPIT. <Anthus pensvivanicus. (Lath.)
RC aiG winter visitor in the eastern and middle sections ; rare
transient in the mountains.
Family TROGLODYTIDA. Wrens. Thrashers, etc.
277- MOCKINGBIRD. JLimus polyglottis. (LAnn.)
Abundant resident in the east; resident at Raleigh, only a few
remaining through the winter, how ever; rare summer visitor in
the mountains. Breeds in all sections.
278. CATBIRD. Galeoscoptes carolinensis. (LAinn.)
Very common summer resident, breeding in all sections. Not
unusual during the winter in the east; accidental at Raleigh.
279. BROWN THRASHER. Harporhynchus rufus. (Linn. )
Common resident in the eastern and middle sections ; summer
visitor in the mountains. Breeds.
280. CAROLINA WREN. Thryothorus ludovicianus. (Lath.)
Common resident in the eastern and middle portions; summer
visitor in the mountains. Breeds throughout its range.
281. BEWICK’S WREN. Thryomanes bewickiv. (Aud.)
Resident on the higher mountains of the west, more common in
summer; rare w ‘ees visitor at Raleigh. Breeds in the mountains.
282. HOUSE WREN. T7vroglodytes edon. (Veill.)
Rare transient in the middle and mountain sections.
283. WINTER WREN. Tyroglodytes hyemalis. (Veill.)
Common winter visitor in the eastern and middle sections ; not
an uncommon resident in the mountains, breeding on the higher
mountains.
284. SHORT-BILLED MARSH WREN. Cvsfothorus stellaris. (Licht.)
One specimen seen by Coues at Fort Macon, October, 11, 1869;
a few seen at Pungo Bluff, November 1 3, and common at Juniper
Bay 15th and 16th of same month, 1876, by May nard ; rare autumn
transient in the mountains.
ORNITHOLOGY OF NORTH CAROLINA, 225
285. LONG-BILLED MARSH WREN. Cvstothorus palustris. (Wils.)
Abundant during the migrations in the east, and may reside
sparingly throughout the year; rather common transient in the
middle and mountain sections.
Family CERTHIIDA. Creepers.
286. BROWN CREEPER. Certhia famaliaris americana. (Bonap.)
Common winter visitor in the eastern and middle sections; not
a very common resident in the west. A nest with four eggs was
~ taken in 1887 by Cairns in the mountains.
Family PARIDA. WNuthatches and Tits.
287. WHITE-BREASTED NUTHATCH. Szfta carolinensis. (Lath.)
Tolerably common resident in all sections, breeding throughout
its range.
288. RED-BREASTED NUTHATCH. Sv7éta canadensis. (LAnn.)
Rather rare and irregular winter resident in the middle section ;
resident on the higher mountains, breeding.
289. BROWN-HEADED NurHatcH. Sztta pusilla. (Lath.)
Common resident in the middle and eastern sections, breeding
throughout its range.
290. TUFTED TITMOUSE. Parus bicolor. (Ljinn.)
Resident, common and generally distributed. Breeds in all sec-
tions.
291. CHICKADEE. Parus atricapillus. (Linn.)
Resident in the mountains above 5,000 feet, breeds.
292. CAROLINA CHICKADEE. Parus carolinensis. (Aud.)
Comion resident in all sections. Common breeder.
Family SYLVIIDZA. Warblers, Kinglets, anh Gnatcatchers.
293. GOLDEN-CROWNED KINGLET. /egulus satrapa. (Lacht.)
Common winter visitor in the eastern and middle sections; resi-
dent in the west, breeding on Black Mountains above 5,000 feet.
294. RUBY-CROWNED KINGLET. Aregulus calendula, (L,nn.)
Common winter visitor in the eastern and middle sections ; tran-
sient in the mountains.
295. BLUE-GRAY GNATCATCHER. Polioptila cerulea. (LAnn.)
Common summer visitor, generally distributed. Breeds in all
sections.
Family TURDIDA. Thrushes, Solitares, Stonechats, Bluebirds, etc.
296. Woop THrRusH. TZurdus mustelinus. (Gmel.)
Very common summer visitor in all sections, breeds.
226 N. C. AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION.
297. WILSON’s THRUSH. Turdus fuscescens. (Steph.)
Rather common transient in the eastern and middle sections ;
common summer visitor in the mountains.
298. GRAY-CHEEKED THRUSH. TZurdus alicia. (Baird.)
Transient visitor, rare in the middle section; common in the
mountains.
299. BICKNELL'S THRUSH. 7Zurdus alicie bicknelli. (Ridgw.)
Transient visitor, rare in the middle section; common in the
mountains.
300. OLIVE-BACK THRUSH. Turdus ustulatus swainsonit. (Cab.)
Rare transient in the middle section ; summer visitor in the west.
Breeds. Nest found May 20, 1886, by Cairns, on the Black Moun-
tains.
301. HERMIT THRuSH. TZurdus aonalaschke pullasit. (Cab.)
Common winter visitor in all sections.
302. AMERICAN Rosin. Jlerula migratoria. (LAnn.)
This species is an abundant transient and winter visitor in the
east, a few remaining all the summer and breeding; tolerably com-
mon resident and migrant in the middle section; common resident
in the mountains, rarer in winter. Breeds in all sections.
303. BLUEBIRD. Svalza stalis. (Linn.)
Was a common resident, but last few years has not been so com-
mon, generally distributed. Breeds in all sections.
ORNITHOLOGY OF NORTH CAROLINA. 227
Poy PO THE TiCAL List,
In this list are given species which ought to occur on the coast
or within the borders of the state, as they occur both north and
south, and in many instances, to the westward also.
PARASITIC JAGER. Stlercorarius parasiticus. (Linn.)
LONG-TAILED JH#GER. Stercorarius longicaudas. (Veill.)
GREAT BLACK—-TAILED GULL. Larus marinus. (Ljnn.)
GULL-BILLED TERN. Gelochelidon nilotica. (Hasselq.)
CASPIAN TERN. Sterna tschegrava. (Lepech.)
WILSON’s PETREL. Oceanites oceanicus. (Kuhl.)
Boosy. Szla sula. (Linn.)
MaAn-o'’—WaR Birp. Fregata aguila. (Linn.)
WHITE Isis. Guara alba. (LAnn.)
ro. GLossy Ins. Plegadis autumnalis. (Hasselq.)
Ii. WHOOPING CRANE. Grus americana. (Limn.)
12. SANDHILL CRANE. Gyrus mexicana. (Mull.)
13. RED PHALAROPE. Crymophilus fulicarius. (Linn.)
14. BLACK-NECKED STILT. Alimantopus mexicanus. (Mull.)
15. STILT SANDPIPER. JMicropalama himantopus. (Bonap.)
16. PURPLE SANDPIPER. TZringa maritima. (Brunn.)
17. WESTERN SANDPIPER. Fyreumnetes occidentalis. (Lawt.)
18. HUDSONIAN GODWIT. Limosa hemastica. (Linn.)
19. BUFF—BREASTED SANDPIPER. 7ringites subruficollis. (Veill.)
20. HUDSONIAN CURLEW. Vumenicus hudsonicus. (Lath.)
21. ESKIMO CURLEW. Mumenius borealis. (Forst.)
22. AMERICAN GOSHAWK. Acc7piter atricapillus. (Wils.)
SO GOT OS creda er
INDEX TO FAMILIES:
PAGE
IAT ACN 28 Ta Po pera ven ee ces Pere ieaa tht Aba hha en, re 215
ACT pa—Anks) Miarrres amd UP iris selon hele to its. Ds ols et 200
AT CHDIN ID KelnlOMSHELSWauina: ck Mk tabiey ce, al epee a Gn cite, ec a a Di)
AN ATID 2D ites mGeesesandiSwanls.nyra. . .2 coders Livre ia) tee an aoe 202
AN PDT TD ASW AVES RON ee Ne. st, Guth eps ertie een ene Sa ee 220
APHRIzIDA—Surf Birds and Turnstones............. Sas oat .c A 209
ARDLEDIA—EerOns andeBittennsiin.a ch kot Ae Aen Acct en Seana: Oo. cl: 2 ee 205
BUBONTD A= Horned. Owlseacry «tly ie eee Aes nena a ag 27h
CATHARTDA-—American Vultures J. 2h ool 2a Sis) Coe ee eee 210
CAPRIMULIGCIDIDA—GCoatsuckersi, 0s hee, Pa ee Se eee! 214
CERT EEDA Creepers)! Voy eles maine bey ortaeue. 5 pret Sake cL ee er 225
CHARADRITD A—PlOvers i oS ee Sa TG See ee eee 208
Cicontipa—Storks and [bese i. Syesyes) (odes. alee yee 205
CorvVipa—Crows, Jays and: Magpies... 4.25.00 6) seis oo ee 215
CoOLUMBIDA—Pigeons..... ala) 7 gdphelin shied stat ptemtatSt <<) Aye apie et: RRR of cen 209
CUCU IDA —Cirekoos AMIS "EEC iis cs has eit eee te aan Reet ove 212
FALCONIDa— Vultures, Falcons, Hawks, Eagles, etc........................ 210
FRINGILID=)—Finehes) Sparrows, ete } ia ste A a ee eee 216
FLAERMATROPODIDA—Oyster-Catchers) 2.0 hes 22) on. ss ee ee 209
TAIRUN DIN ID A——S WallOwes seal sph sicteee eon byes ae ee Od ee eect oe ei ane 219
IcrERIDA—Blackbirds, Orioles, etc............ Bn EE RR A eh 215
ear as—Shrikes 3224/55 eran acy eye oles a ena eee Nias Aen ee 220
ARTO a= Gullsratids Derns.,. fy ceisee selmi okie Selene ae eee oe eee sid ebuys Seme 200
WA CROPODID.At——Swifts ©2505 Se Sa oe aati Oke ae ed ee a 214
MNIOTITTrDzAS—W ood. Warblers. 04. ian eee tok ese eae en SR epee 220
MON PACELTD At —Wastalls: 2... c 2c. 4d sun O bua ataaallpagl Oh aikteyoa noord tae nue rea 224
PACT as — NC ha een Sy at CSTE 3k oau 9. Par eae Pe nes at 225
PEL CAN TD Ae SP CIICATIS. «os ue la dis had Wiss se cha elelie RMU: Ra a Avie) nee 202
PEAUAROPEDZE=—PhalarOpes..\aj.:5 sic cheno ays aaale eee + 5 ee Gel err en belo ge 206
PHATAGROCOR ACTD A—-Cormorants io) Pen de oe! Sheen SR cles eer an 202
Rev ScART TD zs —Phieasants, ete... 22s Vth ais bikes bese hyn Pte ree 209
ARO TTT 2) — WOO PECK EES asic eye ihe = Site Sl Sue, eRe ae cote eta ei ge Sieh co 212
PODICTELDAS—Grebess cis & assess, cecil 12 Geer Pera a ea ROIS alte ot eee eae 200
PROCELLARIDA}—Fulmars and ‘Shearwatets, 7)... «...gbea) 5) A oe 202
PSUR PACD AS=—PArrOEs isc. hie wigs, HA cailes cult et sien ae en oe ue ecg ae ee sae ee ea a 212
RAL TID—RalneGallinulessand Coots s:,.......5. i aes oe eee ee 206
RECURVIROSTRIDA—Avocets- andi Stiltsy, 0. 2a ok Sites. oe line peer eee 207
PT EP OSE nL cog 2s Ae A AINA 207
SULID AS —-Gattiniets ” i se 2s | anni Aranset ef or eens Crete epee are eet oe 202
SYLvipaj—Warblers, Kinglets and Gnatcatchers............50.--- ease 225
TANAGRIDA—Tanagers.. NT MUR ees ao RAR NOMS honed ene ene 219
TETRAONID&—Grouse, Partridges, CECH a Foote ae Aoi LR Denn ots anne 209
TROGLODVTIDAi—Wrens, Thrashers, Sid Cone tee! Se ehh ia let aie ae 224 ¥
Turpipa—Thrushes, Solitares, Stone Chats sBluebirdss eter. ae aas caer: 225
TROCHILIDA—-Humming birds: 0/58 a eee nee ais alle, Ret aah nee ete tafe 214
LYRANIIDA—Tyrant Biyeateherss)\), S70. :) eet eas tee eevee ee es 214
IRVIN CHOPLD At—SKUMMIETS iF ise Oh oe eee eee ee ocr Pee ee 201
RANA TORID A ——LOONS 6. o../ase Badal le ew ee oe ae os ol 200
WERT ON ID. AS—VILEOS ogee wise cos dg) dante dhgel bho doe. cud uel ens Sone Ue LG a Set a athe eee 220
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